Fotografía. Notas legislativas. Europa, España. Legal rules about photography. Europe,
Recientemente publiqué un post sobre uno de los documentos más completos ( que incluye más información) sobre fotografía.
PLAN NACIONAL DE CONSERVACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO FOTOGRÁFICO. IPCE. Dossier:NATIONAL PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC HERITAGE.Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain
Como es tiempo de verano pienso que es buen momento para mencionar algunos apartados legales que este excelente documento incluye y que todos creemos conocer pero que, quizás, no sepamos que cómo están recogidos en la normativa europea y española.
.....”una obra fotográfica con arreglo al Convenio de Berna debe considerarse original si constituye una creación intelectual del autor que refleja su personalidad, sin que se tome en consideración"
Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia (Sala Tercera) de 1 de diciembre de 2011 en el Asunto C-145/10, Painer
Tal como resulta del considerando 17 de la Directiva 93/98, una creación intelectual se atribuye a su autor cuando refleja su personalidad
Respecto de un retrato fotográfico, debe señalarse que el autor podrá tomar sus decisiones libres y creativas de diversas maneras y en diferentes momentos durante su realización.
91 En la fase preparatoria, el autor podrá elegir la escenificación, la pose de la persona que se va a fotografiar o la iluminación. Al hacer el retrato fotográfico, podrá seleccionar el encuadramiento, el enfoque o incluso el ambiente creado. Por último, al obtener copias, el autor podrá elegir, de entre las diversas técnicas de revelado que existen, la que desee utilizar, y podrá recurrir eventualmente a programas informáticos.
92 Mediante estas diversas opciones, el autor de un retrato fotográfico podrá dejar su «impronta personal» en la obra creada.
93 Por consiguiente, respecto de un retrato fotográfico, el margen del autor para poner en práctica su capacidad creativa no es necesariamente escaso o incluso inexistente.
94 En vista de lo expuesto anteriormente, debe considerarse por tanto que un retrato fotográfico puede ser protegido por derechos de autor, en virtud del artículo 6 de la Directiva 93/98, siempre que sea una creación intelectual del autor que refleje su personalidad y que se manifieste por las decisiones libres y creativas del mismo al realizarlo, lo cual corresponde comprobar al órgano jurisdiccional nacional en cada caso concreto”
91 En la fase preparatoria, el autor podrá elegir la escenificación, la pose de la persona que se va a fotografiar o la iluminación. Al hacer el retrato fotográfico, podrá seleccionar el encuadramiento, el enfoque o incluso el ambiente creado. Por último, al obtener copias, el autor podrá elegir, de entre las diversas técnicas de revelado que existen, la que desee utilizar, y podrá recurrir eventualmente a programas informáticos.
92 Mediante estas diversas opciones, el autor de un retrato fotográfico podrá dejar su «impronta personal» en la obra creada.
93 Por consiguiente, respecto de un retrato fotográfico, el margen del autor para poner en práctica su capacidad creativa no es necesariamente escaso o incluso inexistente.
94 En vista de lo expuesto anteriormente, debe considerarse por tanto que un retrato fotográfico puede ser protegido por derechos de autor, en virtud del artículo 6 de la Directiva 93/98, siempre que sea una creación intelectual del autor que refleje su personalidad y que se manifieste por las decisiones libres y creativas del mismo al realizarlo, lo cual corresponde comprobar al órgano jurisdiccional nacional en cada caso concreto”
.............raíz de la Directiva 2001/84/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de septiembre de 2001, relativa al derecho de participación en beneficio del autor de una obra de arte original, la trasposición a la normativa española consistió en derogar el art. 24100 sobre Derecho de participación del TRLPI, y promulgar la Ley 3/2008, de 23 de diciembre relativa al derecho de participación en beneficio del autor de una obra de arte original. Esta ley incluye novedades en el concepto de obra de arte original, en el que también está comprendida la fotografía: En cuanto al contenido del derecho de participación: art.1 “Los autores de obras de arte gráficas o plásticas, tales como los cuadros, collages, pinturas, dibujos, grabados, estampas, litografías, esculturas, tapices, cerámicas, objetos de cristal, fotografías y piezas de videoarte, tendrán derecho a percibir del vendedor una participación en el precio de toda reventa que de las mismas se realice tras la primera cesión realizada por el autor”. En cuanto al concepto de originalidad: art.1 “Los ejemplares de obras de arte objeto de este derecho que hayan sido realizados por el propio autor o bajo su autoridad se considerarán obras de arte originales. Dichos ejemplares estarán numerados, firmados o debidamente autorizados por el autor”. En cuanto a los sujetos de este derecho: art. 2 “El derecho de participación se reconoce al autor de la obra y a sus derechohabientes tras la muerte o declaración de fallecimiento”. En cuanto a las características de este derecho: art. 6 “El derecho de participación es inalienable, irrenunciable, se trasmitirá únicamente por sucesión mortis causa y se extinguirá transcurridos setenta años a contar desde el 1 de enero del año siguiente a aquel en que se produjo la muerte o la declaración de fallecimiento del autor”.
Sobre este último apartado una pregunta que hago como coleccionista: Si al vender una fotografía original pierdo dinero ¿es justo pagar este derecho de participación?
En (google translate)
Recently I published a post about one of the most comprehensive documents (including additional information) on photography.
NATIONAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PLAN OF PHOTOGRAPHIC. IPCE. Dossier: NATIONAL PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC HERITAGE.Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain
As it's summer time I think it is good time to mention some legal sections all think we know but perhaps do not know that they are enshrined in law.
..... "A photographic work under the Berne Convention is to be considered original if it is an intellectual creation of the author reflecting his personality, without being taken into consideration"
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 1 December 2011 in Case C-145/10, Painer
As is apparent from recital 17 of Directive 93/98, an intellectual creation is attributed to its author when it reflects your personality
Regarding a photographic portrait, it should be noted that the author may take his free and creative choices in different ways and at different times during realización.91 In the preparatory phase, the author can choose the staging, the pose of the person who will photographing or lighting. In doing portrait photography, you can select the operating framework, focus or even the atmosphere created. Finally, to obtain copies, the author may choose from among the various techniques revealed that there, you want to use, and Recourse to informáticos.92 programs Through these various options, the author of a photographic portrait can leave your "personal touch" in the work creada.93 Therefore, for a photographic portrait, the margin of the author to implement their creative ability is not necessarily limited or even inexistente.94 In view of the above, it must therefore be considered a portrait photo may be protected by copyright under Article 6 of Directive 93/98, whenever an intellectual creation of the author reflecting his personality and that manifests itself by making free and creative in doing the same , which is for the national court in each case "
Following ............. Directive 2001/84 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of a work of art original, the transposition into Spanish legislation was to repeal art. Law 24100 on TRLPI involvement and enact the Law 3/2008 of December 23 on the right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art. This new law includes the concept of original artwork, which is also included photography: As for the content of the Right: art.1 "The authors of works of graphic or plastic, art such as pictures , collages, paintings, drawings, engravings, prints, lithographs, sculptures, tapestries, ceramics, glassware, photographs and video art pieces, entitled to receive from the seller a share in the price of any sale thereof is made after the first transfer by the author. " Regarding the concept of originality: art.1 "Copies of works of art covered by this law have been made by the author himself or under his authority will be considered original artwork. They shall be numbered, signed or duly authorized by the author. " As for the subject of this right: s. 2 "The right to participation recognizes the author of the work and their beneficiaries upon the death or declaration of death." As for the features of this law: art. 6 "The resale right is inalienable, inalienable, be transmitted only by succession mortis causa and shall lapse beginning seventy years from January 1 of the year following that in which death occurred or the declaration of death of the author" .
On this last point a question that I do as a collector: If selling an original photograph I lose money is it fair to pay such participation?
NATIONAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION PLAN OF PHOTOGRAPHIC. IPCE. Dossier: NATIONAL PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC HERITAGE.Institute of Cultural Heritage of Spain
As it's summer time I think it is good time to mention some legal sections all think we know but perhaps do not know that they are enshrined in law.
..... "A photographic work under the Berne Convention is to be considered original if it is an intellectual creation of the author reflecting his personality, without being taken into consideration"
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 1 December 2011 in Case C-145/10, Painer
As is apparent from recital 17 of Directive 93/98, an intellectual creation is attributed to its author when it reflects your personality
Regarding a photographic portrait, it should be noted that the author may take his free and creative choices in different ways and at different times during realización.91 In the preparatory phase, the author can choose the staging, the pose of the person who will photographing or lighting. In doing portrait photography, you can select the operating framework, focus or even the atmosphere created. Finally, to obtain copies, the author may choose from among the various techniques revealed that there, you want to use, and Recourse to informáticos.92 programs Through these various options, the author of a photographic portrait can leave your "personal touch" in the work creada.93 Therefore, for a photographic portrait, the margin of the author to implement their creative ability is not necessarily limited or even inexistente.94 In view of the above, it must therefore be considered a portrait photo may be protected by copyright under Article 6 of Directive 93/98, whenever an intellectual creation of the author reflecting his personality and that manifests itself by making free and creative in doing the same , which is for the national court in each case "
Following ............. Directive 2001/84 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of a work of art original, the transposition into Spanish legislation was to repeal art. Law 24100 on TRLPI involvement and enact the Law 3/2008 of December 23 on the right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art. This new law includes the concept of original artwork, which is also included photography: As for the content of the Right: art.1 "The authors of works of graphic or plastic, art such as pictures , collages, paintings, drawings, engravings, prints, lithographs, sculptures, tapestries, ceramics, glassware, photographs and video art pieces, entitled to receive from the seller a share in the price of any sale thereof is made after the first transfer by the author. " Regarding the concept of originality: art.1 "Copies of works of art covered by this law have been made by the author himself or under his authority will be considered original artwork. They shall be numbered, signed or duly authorized by the author. " As for the subject of this right: s. 2 "The right to participation recognizes the author of the work and their beneficiaries upon the death or declaration of death." As for the features of this law: art. 6 "The resale right is inalienable, inalienable, be transmitted only by succession mortis causa and shall lapse beginning seventy years from January 1 of the year following that in which death occurred or the declaration of death of the author" .
On this last point a question that I do as a collector: If selling an original photograph I lose money is it fair to pay such participation?